Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Geniposide Protects Primary Cortical Neurons against Oligomeric Aβ 1-42 -Induced Neurotoxicity through a Mitochondrial Pathway

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152551

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, Mitochondrial membrane potential. Cells were labeled with JC-1 dye and analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscope per the manufacturer’s protocol. In the live non-apoptotic cells, the mitochondria appearred following aggregation of JC-1 reagent. In the apoptotic cells, the dye remains in its monomeric form and appears green. Scalebar = 250 μm. B, Quantitative analysis of the Δψm among groups. The ratio of red to green fluorescence in A was used as the indicator for mitochondrial membrane potential. C, The ATP level was determined by fluorescence microplate reader. D, CcO activity was tested by spectrophotometer. NS: non significance. N = 6 per group of cells. Studies were repeated four times and data were expressed as mean ± SEM of percentage of vehicle-treated cells.

Article Snippet: Caspase-3 activity was assessed by reading excitation at 380 nm and emission at 460 nm in a microplate fluorometer (BioTek Senergy HT, Vermont, USA).

Techniques: Membrane, Labeling, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Spectrophotometry

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Geniposide Protects Primary Cortical Neurons against Oligomeric Aβ 1-42 -Induced Neurotoxicity through a Mitochondrial Pathway

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurons were cultured in the presence of 5 μM oligomeric Aβ 1–42 and geniposide (2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM) for 24 h, harvested and the levels of specific proteins were assessed by western blot analysis (A). Levels of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction (B) or mitochondrial fractions (C), Geniposide attenuated mitochondrial cytochrome c releasing to cytosolic fraction in neurons induced by oligomeric Aβ 1–42 at 5 μM. Caspase-3/9 activity was assessed by microplate fluorometer. The increased activity of caspase-3/9 was attenuated (d, e) by the present of geniposide in a dose-independent manner. NS: non significance. N = 6 per group of cells. Studies were repeated four times and data were expressed as mean ± SEM of percentage of vehicle-treated cells.

Article Snippet: Caspase-3 activity was assessed by reading excitation at 380 nm and emission at 460 nm in a microplate fluorometer (BioTek Senergy HT, Vermont, USA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Activity Assay